护理英语：外科术前、术中的与术后恢复对话

一、术此前准备

Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.

想到移植手术之此前为了确保医护人员份的必需有许多工作要想到。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一，要样品并就有灵魂哮喘。将任何异常情形告知牙医。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二，所有局限，例如、假肢以及牙刷都应该摘掉。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.八师可能亦会希望让疾患者戴着牙刷，所以医护人员必须咨询八师的要求。

3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.

第三，疾患者必须除去指甲油并卸妆。这样亦会让牙医较难辨认医护人员是否患有皱纹疾。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination皱纹疾一般来说说明了疾患者须要要在先氧。还应当摘掉上会等发饰，以免造成病毒感染。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四，经过排尿或者导尿填满小肠。小肠内充满著尿液可能亦会在移植腹腔中所受损。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五，术此前疾患者须要适用；还有剂填满肠胃，小移植手术除外。这亦会消除很多术后不适腹泻。还可以消除病毒感染。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六，镇静一般来说在疾患者离开移植诊疗此前30分钟到一小时内注射。这可以让过程掀开展地较难一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后应该变调恳求疾患者离开蛰伏。移植诊疗内有时可以并不需要疾患者的一位抚恤金相伴。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七，疾患者的疾历表应该引入移植诊疗，并且表格须要要完整。右边必须都有所有的化验和X光检查报告以及一份签名的移植手术批准后等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.黄疸原和所须要药剂，如胰岛素，也应在表格中所注明。

Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.

劳驾，王于医护人员。我想去如厕。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你很难去如厕。请你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在床上小便呢？You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.移植手术在此之后几天你是不并不需要下床的。所以你必须学者适用便盆。OK. Let me he a try.好吧。我想来。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候退移植诊疗？About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.非常少八点。我亦会在七点半夜你然后从你的鼻孔中所插入一根胃管。

Could you tell me why?

你能想到我为什么要插胃管吗？We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.移植想到手术第二、三天我们须要要通过胃管给你摄食。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被送回这里？You'll be back at about 3 pm.非常少下午三点。How can my wife know about the operation?我妻子怎样了解我移植手术的成效？She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她亦会在等候会议室。移植手术一落幕我们亦会来不及通知她。He you signed the consent?你在同意这段话表示同意了吗？Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。移植手术此前我应该想到什么？We'll prepare you by shing and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll he a liquid diet for supper.我们亦会给你剃须想到保养。然后你要洗个澡。饭菜你要吃饱一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我知道了。移植手术亦会很疼吗？Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心，移植腹腔中所你不亦会感受任何肺部困难。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.移植想到手术你睡着的时候就已经在诊所了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你可能亦会不已有点疼并昏昏沉沉。如果肺部困难难忍的话我们亦会给你注射一些缓解肺部困难的药剂。Thank you.对不起你 二、移植手术中所

Operator, put me through to the operating room please.

话务员，请想尽办法我接邻移植诊疗。Just a minute. The line is engaged.稍等。目此前分之一线或。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.移植诊疗May I speak to the head nurse?能请医务人员接邻拨打吗？Of course, she's right here.当然可以，她就在这。

Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?

心事，我是医务人员。有什么可以想尽办法您？What's going on in the operation room right now?移植诊疗中所目此前是什么情形。I he an emergency case coming in.我来不及有一个及时疾例。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天下午王于牙医的急性阑尾炎移植手术想到必需准备。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半小时此前转送了一个不堪重负肋骨骨折的医护人员。他须要要赶紧接邻受肺部移植手术。你们想尽办法我安排及时移植手术吗？Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我来不及想到必需准备。一切准备再在此之后我给你打拨打。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的，我等你拨打。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。请想到医护人员血库亦会给我们3或4各单位的B型血供移植手术适用。Anything else?还有其他要交代的吗？Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to he an assistant.有，我须要要想到上半身，须要要一位助理。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我来不及通知王于牙医。Thank you.对不起你。You're welcome.不蛮横。After the operation. 三、术后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.疾患者还在昏迷状态，多提防。What kind of surgery has he had?他接邻受了什么移植手术？A chest operation.肺部移植手术。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么药剂黄疸吗？He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶黄疸。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?移植手术中所他肾结石很多吗？He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他肾结石400ml。我们给他在先了2各单位的红细胞。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他在先其他液态了吗？1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升分作5%的蒸馏水。 四、移植想到手术休养与看护

After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.

移植手术在此之后，外科医护人员一般来说须要要遏制看护。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其中所有一些可能。当然，也亦会有一些常见缺陷显现出。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些缺陷是可以预见的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.移植手术在此之后须要要对医护人员掀开展瘀血热力学抚育。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.医护人员的很多腹泻与基本的临床缺陷方面。Some patients will he intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些医护人员亦会显现出术中所出血或术后病毒感染。

It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.

这亦会引发移植想到手术疾情恢复原不稳固。因此医护人员须要要之外服侍。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种情形在救治移植手术医护人员背上更为常见。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果医护人员突然代谢失调，须要要将其送入风湿热遏制看护诊所。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及穿透性创伤疾患者还亦会显现出瘀血热力学不稳固。Very often, they will he an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很可能亦会显现出急性炎症催化，这是由不堪重负骨质或者软组织烧伤所致。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果显现出低血容量性休克，这说明了伤势不堪重负。有时须要要对医护人员掀开展败血症来补充其肝细胞血液。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.医护人员的生物体变化而会也亦会须要要之外抚育。If patients he nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非创伤性疾因的救治疾患者的疾症与肠穿孔层流或肠坏死有关，那么疾患者整个RX-可能亦会受其冲击。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些冲击亦会分别引发各个肾脏的持续性炎症催化。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不采取有效治疗，疾患者可能显现出多肾脏功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who he to be sent to the ICU.总而言之，风湿热掀开刀诊所的疾患者大部分是外科移植手术疾患者。 五、术后恢复原

Ms. Wang, I'm hing a pain here.

王于牙医，我这里很疼。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你掀开一些止疼药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?从前好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水喝水吗？I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.抱歉，恐怕你从前不可以摄食。但是我可以在你的嘴唇上先用一些水想尽办法你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?对不起。我什么时候可以摄食？When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.须要要等你的肠鸣音和咽入射恢复原在此之后才可以喝水。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以吃饱退去了吗？I'm afraid you can't.恐怕不行。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以吃饱退去？

You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.

移植手术一天在此之后你可以吃饱一些流食。然后你渐渐可以吃饱软食，移植手术四天在此之后就可以正常招呼了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么？It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无刺激性或者不亦会引发气体归因于的液态为主，例如饮茶、咖啡、过滤酒类、蔬菜汁和无脂汤。What's the soft diet?软食是什么？It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食都有汤、鱼肉、非烹调糖果、豆腐、面条、饺子等等。Which kind of food should I oid?我应该消除吃饱哪些饲料呢？Rich pastries, hey salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.香甜的点心、极少的色拉煎调料、烹调酒类、麦芽糖等。Anything important?还有什么须要要之外注意的吗？Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有，明天你须要要想到一些肺部跑步。Why?为什么？The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.肺部跑步可以预防肺部系统肾衰竭。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己想到跑步吗，还是你亦会辅导我？I'll help you and give you some advice.我亦会想尽办法你，给你里斯一些要求。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你从前可以想到我怎样想到吗？Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。松开移植手术切口，深肺部然后咳嗽。我亦会把你的床头升高一些。I see.我知道了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你不已有什么不适的话请按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我亦会的，对不起你。